Characteristics of Epithelial Tissues Practice Test

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How are glands formed? (Select the sequence that describes the formation.)

Downward growth and invasion of the underlying connective tissue; Differentiation into exocrine and endocrine

Proliferation of surface cells

Proliferation of surface cells; downward growth and invasion of the underlying connective tissue

Proliferation of surface cells; downward growth and invasion of the underlying connective tissue; Differentiation into exocrine and endocrine

Gland formation begins with proliferation of surface epithelial cells. This growth pushes the epithelium inward, producing downward invagination into the underlying connective tissue to form a glandular bud with developing ducts. The final step is differentiation of those epithelial cells into two main gland types: exocrine glands, which retain ducts to carry secretions to surfaces, and endocrine glands, which become ductless and release hormones into the bloodstream. This sequence—proliferation, downward growth, then differentiation into exocrine and endocrine—is why the described order best fits gland formation.